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German submarine U-77 (1940)
German submarine ''U-77'' was a Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's ''Kriegsmarine'' built by the Bremer Vulkan-Vegesacker Werft, Bremen-Vegesack. Her keel was laid down on 28 March 1940, by Bremer Vulkan of Bremen-Vegesack, Germany as yard number 5. She was launched on 23 November 1940 and commissioned on 18 January 1941, with ''Oberleutnant zur See'' Heinrich Schonder in command until September 1942, when he was succeeded by ''Oblt.z.S.'' Otto Hartmann, who remained in charge until the U-boat's loss.
The boat was sunk on 28 March 1943 off Calpe, Spain, by two British aircraft.
==Design==
German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines. ''U-77'' had a displacement of when at the surface and while submerged. She had a total length of , a pressure hull length of , a beam of , a height of , and a draught of . The submarine was powered by two MAN M 6 V 40/46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing a total of for use while surfaced, two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing a total of for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to .
The submarine had a maximum surface speed of and a maximum submerged speed of . When submerged, the boat could operate for at ; when surfaced, she could travel at . ''U-77'' was fitted with five torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and one at the stern), fourteen torpedoes, one , 220 rounds, and an anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of between forty-four and sixty.
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